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Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France and Co-Prince of Andorra / Président de la République Française
Nicolas Sarkozy
President of France and Co-Prince of Andorra
Président de la République Française
Flag of France
 

Nicolas Sarkozy born Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa on 28 January 1955 in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, is the current President of France and Co-Prince of Andorra, elected on 6 May 2007 after defeating Socialist Party contender Ségolène Royal during the second round of the 2007 election. Before his presidency, he was leader of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) right wing party. Under Jacques Chirac's presidency, he served as the Minister of the Interior in Jean-Pierre Raffarin (UMP)'s first two governments (from May 2002 to March 2004), then was appointed Minister of Finances in Raffarin's last government (March 2004-May 2005), and again Minister of the Interior in Dominique de Villepin's government (2005-2007). Sarkozy was also president of the General council of the Hauts-de-Seine department from 2004 to 2007 and mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine, one of the wealthiest communes of France from 1983 to 2002. Furthermore, he was also Minister of the Budget in Edouard Balladur (RPR, predecessor of the UMP)'s government during François Mitterrand's last term.
Sarkozy is known for his strong stance on law and order issues and his desire to revitalise the French economy. In foreign affairs, he has promised closer cooperation with the United States. His nickname "Sarko" is used by both supporters and opponents.
On 16 May 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy became the sixth person elected President of the French Fifth Republic (the seventh overall; Alain Poher served twice in an interim role as President of the French Senate), and the 23rd president over all five Republican governments in the history of France. He is the first French President to have been born after World War II.
The official transfer of power from Jacques Chirac took place on 16 May at 11:00 am (9:00 UTC) at the Élysée Palace, where he was given the authorization codes of the French nuclear arsenal and presented with the Grand Master's Collar, symbol of his new function of Grand Master of the Legion of Honour. At that point, he formally became president. Leyenda, by Spanish composer Isaac Albéniz was played in honour of the president's wife, who is Albeniz's great-granddaughter. Both Sarkozy's mother Andrée, who sat on a regal chair, and his formerly estranged father Pal—with whom Sarkozy had reached a reconciliation--attended the ceremony, as did Sarkozy's children. The presidential motorcade, with the President on board the presidential Peugeot 607 Paladine, then travelled from the Élysée to the Champs-Élysées for a public ceremony at the Arc de Triomphe. Then the new president went to the Cascade du Bois de Boulogne of Paris for a homage to the French Resistance and to the Communist resistant Guy Môquet — he proposed that all high-school students read Guy Moquet's last letter to his parents, which was criticised by a number of leftists as a cynical form of reappropriation of French history by the right.
In the afternoon, the new President flew to Berlin to meet with German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin was replaced by François Fillon. Sarkozy appointed Bernard Kouchner, the left-wing founder of Médecins Sans Frontières, as his foreign minister, leading to Kouchner's expulsion from the Socialist Party. In addition to Kouchner, three more Sarkozy ministers are from the left, including Eric Besson, who served as Ségolène Royal's economic adviser at the beginning of her campaign. Sarkozy also appointed seven women to form a total cabinet of 15; one, Justice Minister Rachida Dati, is the first woman of Northern African origin to serve in a French cabinet. Of the 15, two attended the elite Ecole Nationale d'Administration (ENA). The ministers were reorganised, with the controversial creation of a Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Co-Development — given to his right-hand man Brice Hortefeux — and of a Ministry of Budget, Public Accounts and Civil Administration — handed out to Éric Wœrth, supposed to prepare the replacement of only a third of all civil servants who retire. However, after the 17 June parliamentary elections, the Cabinet has been adjusted to 15 ministers and 16 deputy ministers, totalling 31 officials.
Shortly after taking office, President Sarkozy began negotiations with Colombian president Álvaro Uribe and the left-wing guerrilla FARC, regarding the release of hostages held by the rebel group, especially Franco-Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt. According to some sources, Sarkozy himself asked for Uribe to release FARC's "chancellor" Rodrigo Granda. Furthermore, he announced on 24 July, 2007, that French and European representatives had obtained the extradition of the Bulgarian nurses detained in Lybia to their country. In exchange, he signed with Gaddafi security, health care and immigration pacts — and a $230 million (168 million euros) MILAN antitank missile sale. The contract was the first made by Libya since 2004, and was negotiated with MBDA, a subsidiary of EADS. Another 128 millions euros contract would have been signed, according to Tripoli, with EADS for a TETRA radio system. The Socialist Party (PS) and the Communist Party (PCF) criticised a "state affair" and a "barter" with a "Rogue state". The leader of the PS, François Hollande, requested the opening of a parliamentary investigation.
On 8 June 2007, during the 33rd G8 summit in Heiligendamm, Sarkozy set a goal of reducing French CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050 in order to prevent global warming. He then pushed forward the important Socialist figure of Dominique Strauss-Kahn as European nominee to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)  Critics alleged that Sarkozy proposed to nominate Strauss-Kahn as managing director of the IMF to deprive the Socialist Party of one of its more popular figures.
The UMP, Sarkozy's party, won a majority at the June 2007 legislative election, although by less than expected. In July, the UMP majority, seconded by the Nouveau Centre, ratified one of Sarkozy's electoral promises, which was to partially revoke the inheritance tax. The inheritance tax formerly brought eight billion euros into state coffers.
After winning the election, Sarkozy's UMP majority has reduced taxes, in particular for upper middle-class people, allegedly in an effort to boost GDP growth, but did not reduce state expenditures. He was criticised by the European Commission for doing so. Furthermore, Sarkozy broke with the custom of amnestying traffic tickets and of releasing thousands of prisoners from overcrowded jails on Bastille Day, a tradition that Napoleon had started in 1802 to commemorate the storming of the Bastille during the French Revolution
Sarkozy then went on vacation to the United States, taking his family to Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire. He stayed in the 11-bathroom shorefront mansion of former Microsoft executive Michael Appe. He was brought there by a commercial jet, however, after the death of Cardinal Lustiger, archbishop of Paris, whose funeral he was to attend, one of his presidential planes flew him on 10 August to Paris and then back to America. On 21 August he returned to France by a commercial jet.

Sarkozy's government issued a decree on 7 August, 2007 to generalise a voluntary biometric profiling program of travellers in airports. The program, called Parafes, was to use fingerprints. The new database would be interconnected with the Schengen Information System (SIS) as well as with a national database of wanted persons (FPR). The CNIL protested against this new decree, opposing itself to the recording of fingerprints and to the interconnection between the SIS and the FPR.

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FRANÇAIS
 

Nicolas Sarkozy (nikɔla saʁkɔzi), né le 28 janvier 1955 à Paris (17e arrondissement), est un homme d'État français, président de la République française depuis le 16 mai 2007.
Nicolas Sarkozy, de son nom complet Nicolas, Paul, Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa, souvent dit « Sarko » par ses partisans comme ses adversaires, est le fils d'un immigré hongrois naturalisé français : Pál Sárközy de Nagybocsa (en hongrois nagybócsai Sárközy Pál) né à Budapest le 5 mai 1928, dans une famille de la petite noblesse hongroise anoblie le 10 septembre 1628 par l'Empereur Ferdinand II, roi de Bohême et de Hongrie Son ancêtre, un paysan qui s'est battu contre les Turcs, n'a pas reçu de réel titre de noblesse mais le droit de faire suivre son nom par celui de son village d'origine et l'usage d'un blason La famille possédait des terres et un petit château dans le village d'Alattyán (près de Szolnok), à 92 km à l'est de Budapest. Le père et le grand-père de Pál Sárközy avaient des fonctions électives à la mairie de Szolnok (dont celle d'adjoint au maire pour le grand-père). À l'arrivée de l'Armée rouge en 1944, la famille est expropriée et s'exile. Après de nombreuses péripéties à travers l'Autriche et l'Allemagne, Pál Sárközy rencontre un recruteur de la Légion étrangère à Baden-Baden. Il s'engage pour cinq ans et fait ses classes en Algérie à Sidi-Bel-Abbès. Il est cependant déclaré inapte au départ pour l'Indochine, puis démobilisé à Marseille en 1948. Il francise alors son nom en Paul Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa. Devenu publicitaire, il rencontre en 1949 Andrée Mallah, alors étudiante en droit, qu'il épouse. Cette dernière est la fille de Bénédict Mallah, chirurgien du 17e arrondissement de Paris, issu d'une famille de Juifs séfarades chassée d'Espagne puis installée à Salonique à partir du XVIIe siècle marié à Adèle Bouvier, infirmière catholique née dans une famille savoyarde devenue française en 1860.
Nicolas Sarkozy naît en 1955 dans le 17e arrondissement de Paris. Il a deux frères : Guillaume, né en 1951, futur chef d'entreprise dans le textile (vice-président du MEDEF entre 2000 et 2006) et François, né en 1957, qui devient pédiatre puis chercheur en biologie. Lorsque Paul Sarkozy quitte le domicile conjugal en 1959 et divorce, sa femme reprend ses études pour élever ses enfants. Elle devient avocate au barreau de Nanterre ; elle plaide dans l'affaire Villarceaux. Paul Sarkozy se remarie trois fois. De son deuxième mariage, il a deux autres enfants : Caroline et Pierre-Olivier, banquier à New York.
Nicolas Sarkozy a été élu président de la République le 6 mai 2007 avec 53,06 % des suffrages exprimés (18 983 138 suffrages) contre 46,94 % pour Ségolène Royal (16 790 440 suffrages), devenant le 23e président de la République française et le 6e président de la Ve République.
La passation des pouvoirs avec son prédécesseur Jacques Chirac a lieu le 16 mai 2007[  ]. Dans l'après-midi, Nicolas Sarkozy rend hommage, à la cascade du Bois de Boulogne, aux 35 jeunes Français résistants assassinés en août 1944 par les nazis, comme à Guy Môquet résistant communiste de 17 ans, fusillé à Châteaubriant en octobre 1941, puis il se rend à Berlin pour rencontrer la chancelière allemande Angela Merkel.
Le 17 mai, il nomme son premier Premier ministre François Fillon qui forme le 18 mai un gouvernement réduit à 15 ministres (huit hommes, sept femmes), auxquels s'ajoutent quatre secrétaires d'État et un haut-commissaire masculins. Le gouvernement s'ouvre à plusieurs personnalités de gauche, du centre droit et de la société civile. Le ministère de l'Économie et des Finances est scindé en deux, l'un chargé du budget de l'État, l'autre de la stratégie économique et du développement. Conformément au Pacte écologique signé par Nicolas Sarkozy durant la campagne présidentielle, Alain Juppé prend la tête d'un grand ministère alliant l'écologie, l'aménagement territorial et le transport.

À l'issue du second tour des élections législatives de 2007, l'UMP garde la majorité absolue à l'Assemblée nationale avec ses 313 membres. Conformément aux traditions républicaines, François Fillon lui remet sa démission le 18 juin et Nicolas Sarkozy le reconduit immédiatement dans sa fonction pour former un nouveau gouvernement, sans la présence d'Alain Juppé, seul ministre battu dans sa circonscription.

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